Modern Methods Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2072 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Building Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction Modern Methods of construction (MMC) consist of a range of techniques aimed at improving efficiency in construction. There is currently a serious shortage of homes in the UK. Mainly as a result of too few homes for sale being built, prices have been forced up to unaffordable levels. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Modern Methods Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order It is not possible for many people on average incomes to buy even a cheaper home. The shortage of homes for rent is causing still greater problems for people on low incomes. Housing waiting lists have lengthened, resulting in more overcrowding and sharing and more homeless families than ever in temporary accommodation. There is an urgent need for new homes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to make it possible for young families to buy a home, for essential workers in key public services to be able to afford somewhere to live, and for people on low incomes to have a home to rent. The government are looking to MMC to solve this problem by creating affordable homes quickly, and in 2004 set targets to add an extra 120 000 homes to the housing stock every year for the next ten years. The governments social housing funding body, The Housing Cooperation, has set a target that at least 25% of every new social housing development has to be built using MMC techniques. A shortage of housing in the UK however is by no means a new problem. Weve been in similar situations before, and looked for similar answers. Many solutions of the past have, in the long-term, failed. The idea that Modern Methods of Construction could address a low cost housing issue has been used before. Shortly after the First World War and the passing of a series of housing acts from 1919 the government became concerned at the high cost of working class housing. In 1924 a committee on New Methods of House Construction (Later to become Modern Methods of construction (MMC)) was set up which produced a series of reports, which among other things recommended that they wanted to see what may be called factory production of houses In the middle of the Second World War, a mission sent to study systems in America urged the wholesale reorganisation of the British building industry; among many other specific points it recommended Simplification of building design for greater standardisation and mechanisation of constructional work Much more use of factory produced units and assemblies 55 years later in1998, Egan, in his report Rethinking Construction, recommended exactly the same change of direction. So what went wrong? And has the industry yet listened? Modern methods of Construction is the governments initiative to push firms to look for new technologies as well as the government doing its own research, this is clearly a big problem. The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister defines modern methods of construction as a process to produce more, better quality homes in less time. The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister also offers grants to firms to help them develop new methods, yet despite all this, there is still a problem. The UK is, again, in the middle of a housing crisis. The Housing crisis Merseyside housing renewal bosses are considering the use of flat pack Boklok housing to try to solve the problem of affordable housing in Merseyside which is of particular interest to me as it is in this area, my immediate concern with this project is whether the housing will actually be affordable House factory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" there are currently over 30 house factories in the UK, I will look at Westbury Homes Space4 factory near Birmingham which opened in 2001 Onsite house factory. Despite there being many house factories in the UK none of them are quite the same as the on-site house factories being used in the US, I plan to see if these types of factories could be used in the UK Problems in the past à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" quality has always suffered, aesthetics too Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister defines modern methods of construction as a process to produce more, better quality homes in less time. Post war pre fa bricated housing failure There is a current housing crisis Volumetric: involves the manufacture of three-dimensional units in factory conditions for delivery to Site. Some units are delivered with all internal and external finishes and services installed. Panellised: Flat panel units are produced in a factory and assembled on site. These may be open panels or frames to which services, insulation and internal and external cladding is fixed on site, of fully-furnished panels containing more factory fabrication. Hybrid: A combination of panellised and volumetric units typically with more highly serviced and repeatable elements (such as bathrooms) supplied as pods. Subassemblies and components: Construction methods that incorporate factory-made subassemblies, such as floor cassettes or precise concrete foundations, within otherwise traditional structures can also be classified as MMC. Non-off-site: Not all MMCs are factory based. Some, such as those employing light weight concrete and thin-joint mortar construction, are site based. Prefabricated housing has been used in the UK during periods of high demand, such as after the world wars and during the slum clearances of the 1960s. In total about 1 million prefabricated homes were built during the 20th century, many of which were designed to be temporary. However, problems arose over the quality of building materials and poor workmanship, leading to negative public attitudes towards prefabrication. In Japan 40% of new housing uses MMC. In other European countries there is also much greater use of MMC, particularly in Scandinavia and Germany. Indeed, some house building companies in Europe have started to export their houses to the UK The reasons for greater use of MMC in these countries are uncertain, but suggestions have included: 3 In colder climates the building season is short due to bad weather Use of MMC allows quick construction. MMC building materials, such as timber, are more readily available. There is a greater tradition of self build housing. MMC appeals because faster construction reduces disruption to neighbours and allows earlier occupancy. There are cultural preferences for certain house styles, e.g. timber frame in Scandinavia. Issues surrounding MMC While the Government is keen to encourage use of MMC for house building, research is still ongoing to assess its benefits. Issues arise over the cost of MMC; the industry capacity; its environmental benefits; the quality of such housing; public acceptance; and planning and building regulations. These questions are considered below. Cost Although some house builders argue that MMC is less expensive than traditional methods, industry sources indicate increased costs of around 7-10%. Reasons for the higher costs are difficult to discern because most project financial information is commercially confidential, and traditional masonry building costs vary widely too. It may be that the costs appear high because some benefits of using MMC, such as better quality housing and fewer accidents, are not obviously reflected in project accounts. MMC housing is faster to build, reducing on-site construction time by up to 50%, and thus reducing labour costs. Quicker construction is an extra benefit for builders of apartments (because viewing often starts only once all flats are finished), and for Housing Associations, who receive rent earlier. However, it is less important for private house builders as they rarely sell all the properties on a new development at once. An additional consideration is that the majority of f actory overhead costs, e.g. labour, are fixed regardless of output. In contrast, site-based construction costs are only incurred if building is taking place. It is therefore less easy with MMC to respond to fluctuating demand. Industry capacity Industry capacity may be a barrier to increasing the number of houses built using MMC. Difficulties fall into two categories: a shortage of skills, and the factory capacity to manufacture parts. Revisions to the Building Regulations Building Regulations have been a major influence in the design specification for housing. They have been used by the Government to drive up standards and as the need for more sustainable buildings has increased, two of the regulations have been significantly revised which has had a large impact on construction methods. Part L is concerned with the conservation of fuel and power. Part E is concerned with resistance to the passage of sound, which is becoming more important as dwelling densities increase. It is not just the improvement in the standards themselves that is exercising the minds of builders but that some aspects of the buildings performance (i.e. air tightness and sound resistance) will now be tested post construction. If the building falls short, expensive remedial work will have to be carried out. Building performance in these areas is not just dependent on design detail, but also on the repeatability and consistency of good quality construction, aspects that lend themselves to the use of MMC. Barriers to the use of MMC in housing In a major survey of the top 100 house builders[8], the following factors were identified as being significant barriers to the introduction of MMC. They are summarised in Box 3 and discussed below in order of importance. Capital costs MMC are perceived as being more expensive than traditional methods with economies of scale being hard to achieve. 68% of housebuilders said that this was a barrier to the introduction of MMC. The National Audit Office (NAO)[9] reported that, for Registered Social Landlords (RSLs), open panel systems had a similar cost to traditional methods, but that hybrid and volumetric methods were slightly more expensive. To come to this conclusion, they took into account the following advantages: earlier rental income streams, the Social Housing Grant being drawn down earlier (thereby reducing borrowing and interest payments), reduced defects and reduced inspection. Some of these advantages would also benefit private developers. The NAO estimated that as the market matured the cost of building elements could be reduced by 15% which would close the gap in costs between traditional build and volumetric/hybrid MMC. This appears obtainable, but is more likely to occur if developers and RSL s partner with manufacturers so that they can have the assurance of the long-term viability of the MMC market. This will enable investment in finding ways of reducing costs through product and process development. Costs to the developer are also likely to reduce over time as developers become more familiar with MMC and are able to increase the efficiency of on-site trades as a result. Concern over interfaces This covers the interfaces (joints) of MMC to traditional build (eg how to fit roof trusses to a steel-frame house) and between different MMC systems (eg between a steel-frame house and a panellised timber-roof systems). This is a genuine concern that must be dealt with head-on. There are of course no reasons why interfaces should be more difficult than with traditional construction techniques. They are merely different and this needs to be planned for. Early design freeze MMC does require an early design freeze (when the details of the dwelling are set and cannot be altered) in comparison with traditional build. The timing of the design freeze will depend on the manufacturers lead times and this is in part to do with manufacturing capacity. Although MMC providers should do all that they can to minimise their lead times and to build in flexibility, it is likely that users will always experience this problem to some extent. Planning The constraint of planning on MMC may be perceived rather than actual. Planners, quite rightly, are keen to make sure that neighbourhoods do not all look the same. Some peoples perception of factory-produced housing is of lines of identical houses and clearly this should be avoided. The introduction of CADCAM techniques makes variation of MMC products relatively simple to achieve, although volumetric units will always have some constraints by their nature. Having said that, the planners often want to see changes to storey heights, window design and window layout. These can sometimes be agreed at a late stage in the planning application process and can result in extending the factory lead times through: Delaying the start of the MMC design process, which has to be completed before the MMC product can be produced in the factory. Delaying the purchase of the fenestration, which is often on long lead times. Where the windows and doors are installed in the MMC product in the factory, the production is either delayed or the product has to be shipped without the fenestration being installed. In traditional build, windows are fitted much later in the build process and hence their delayed specification is more easily accommodated.

The Power of Love in Death of a Salesman Essay - 1500 Words

The Power of Love in Death of a Salesman Love is one of the most confusing emotions that one can experience. It is simple yet complicated, unconditional but demanding, overused and unique. It is hard to explain what its means to feel love, to feel loved, or to be in love, however, there are aspects of love that are easily expressed. For example, ones unquestionable affection to the one they love, or the hardships and sacrifice that is endured for loved ones, and the underlying fact that once it is experienced it is not easily dismissed. The play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller describes love in just these ways, and, most of all, as the ultimate moral value that is the eternal bond that keeps people together. One can†¦show more content†¦I know hes not easy to get along with - nobody knows that better then me - but ... (55) Linda speaks these lines to Biff and, not only do they prove that she loves this man an enormous amount, but also that she would sacrifice not seeing her son again just to keep Willy happy. She is wiling to sacrifice her family for the man that she loves, who appears to not treat her as well as a husband could. Lindas last comment shows that she is not treated with a great deal of respect from Willy. Nevertheless, she puts his needs before her own because of the profound love she has for him. Her love for him drives her do whatever is necessary to keep him happy, and binds her to him no matter what the consequence. With love can come sacrifice, personal and material. To love someone is to know that some things must be given up for their benefit. Willy may be looked down upon for the lack of importance he places on his family because of the affair he has, however he values and loves his family more then might be thought. After an early flash back about Ben Willy asks Linda Whatever happened to that diamond watch fob? Remember? When Ben came from Africa that time? Didnt he give me a watch fob with a diamond in it? (53). Willy valued that watch a great deal. Linda then goes on to say, You pawned it dear. Twelve, thirteen years ago. For Biffs radio correspondence course (53). The watch that Ben gave WillyShow MoreRelated Illusion of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman and The Glass Menagerie756 Words   |  4 Pages The American Dream is what all Americans strive to achieve. It is the illusion of prosperity and happiness. The American Dream consists of three different elements, mone y, sex, and power. The plays â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† are about families who strive to achieve the American Dream. These plays are a lot alike and they have more similarities than differences. In America, money can get you many places in society. 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Accountability in Nursing Practice ANMC

Question: Discuss about the Accountability in Nursing Practicefor ANMC. Answer: Introduction Huntingdons disease is not terminally ill disease, so the sanctity of life should be chosen over the quality of life. The Sanctity of life says that human life is worth and it is unethical to end a persons life, even if the quality of life is hampered. The duty of a nurse and health care professionals is to save and preserve the life of the people no matter what the condition of the patient is. In the case scenario, the 55 year old lady wants to end her life as her quality of life has deteriorated as she is suffering from advanced Huntingdons Disease. Under the Australian Nursing Midwifery Council (ANMC) Code of Ethics, the nurses have the duty to act in ways where they should not inflict evil or cause any kind of harm to other called principle of nonmaleficence (Birks et al. 2016). However, they face ethical issues whether a nurse or healthcare professional should respect the autonomy and dignity of the patients where they are willing to die. The nurses have an ethical consideration to act in the interests of the patients and so they face ethical dilemmas in getting the correct balance between the patients and professional rights. According to the principleof beneficence under the ANMC Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia, the nurses should act to provide benefit to others (Humphrey and Chiarella 2015). The beneficent actions include removal of harms or to help prevent actions that improves the conditions of others. They have moral obligation to refrain from casing harm to others, but at the same time they have an obligation to assist their patients in fulfilling their interests. It is unethical to help a person to deliberately end ones life. However, autonomy and liberty are the sources of human dignity that needs to be respected by a nurse while providing care to their patients. These two aspects add value to the life of a person and it is wrong to assist a person in ending ones life. The right to autonomy implies that the people have the right to control their lives and engage in decision-making with the respect to their treatment. The nurses and healthcare professionals have a duty to acknowledge their right and work towards the best interests of the patients (Johnstone 2015). The nurses should respect for human life and takes into account the quality of life and dignity of the patients. The healthcare professionals and nurses should act in the way they can help and save the life of the patient. In the case scenario, the female patient wants to end her life and as a nurse, it is the duty to save the life of the patient, even if the female patient wants to die. Under the Code of Ethics in medical ethics, the nurses have a duty to respect the culture of safety in nursing and ethical management of information that promote the health and well-being of the patients (Doran et al. 2015). Although a person has the right to choose end of life, nurses have a duty to preserve and save patients life promoting overall health and well-being. References Birks, M., Davis, J., Smithson, J. and Cant, R., 2016. Registered nurse scope of practice in Australia: an integrative review of the literature.Contemporary Nurse,52(5), pp.522-543. Doran, E., Fleming, J., Jordens, C., Stewart, C.L., Letts, J. and Kerridge, I.H., 2015. Managing ethical issues in patient care and the need for clinical ethics support.Australian Health Review,39(1), pp.44-50. Humphrey, C. and Chiarella, M., 2015. Legal frameworks for practice in Australia and New Zealand.Midwifery: Preparation for Practice, p.304. Johnstone, M.J., 2015.Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Drones(2015) by Muse free essay sample

Muse is a progressive/alternative rock band that have had a pretty successful career since the 90s when they formed. Since then with albums like Supermassive Black Hole, Origin of Symmetry and The Resistance there is alot of charm and epicness to much of their works. Also, despite their sound, the entire band is only three members and so every one of them have alot of talent. Drones is a concept album that deals with a man who lives in this post-apocalyptic world and becomes a soldier by force. After a while he begins to break down and starts to be crazy and philosophical on his life and the world around him. You get to see his life permanently changing for worse and by then its too late. It almost seems like hes became a drone himself, like hes been brainwashed. Very deep and harsh sounding story and some might say its a reflection of our world today. We will write a custom essay sample on Drones(2015) by Muse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The music its self isnt quite as epic sounding as their previous works. Instead it sounds more like what Coheed and Cambria would do with Muse charm sprinkled in here and there. With tracks like Psycho, Revolt and the three part suite Aftermath, The Globalist and Drones with the latter sounding like a Gregorian Chant meets Pink Floyd scenario. Then we have the transition tracks Captain Sargent and JFK I believe. Sargent introducing the protagonist to the world of war and the military and JFK gives us an excerpt of one of his speeches when he was president here in the US. It gives a sense of some military confinement and can also show how the protagonist becomes psycho all of a sudden. A very deep story and has some interesting points and sometimes reflects our world today as well. I give this an 8.5/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.