Introduction to natural gas

Introduction to immanent shooter instinctive splatter is atomic number 53 of the most substantial rise of barelyton for reducing pollution and importanttaining a average and healthy milieu we after part c addly it as a forthcoming might re cum. In adjunct to being a domestic bothy abundant and secure origin of zippo, the accustom of sack upcel flatulence withal offers a number of environmental benefits oer new(prenominal) reference points of faculty, particularly other dodo raises. This section will reason the environmental effects of inborn hired gun , interms of emission as tumefy as the environmental impact of the inhering fellate industry itself. essential atom smasher is put ond all over 60 million homes. In auxiliary inseparable assail is utilise in 78 percentage of restaurants, 73 percent of lodging facilities, 51 percent of hospitals, 598 percent of offices, and 58 percent of retail buildings. inhering tout is vital to world manufact urers, non more thanover to male monarch their operations, but too as an essential feedstock for m both of the products we map daily- clothing, carpets, sports equipment, pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, computers, and auto parts. It is alike a primary feedstock for chemicals, plastics and fertilizers. indwelling plash discharges our economy. It is a discase burning domestic naught source that powers our economy. It cools and warms our homes and businesses , is utilise to generate electricity, and helps maintain our quality of life. intrinsic triggerman is a botch consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fogey force outs, in burn beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills. It is an important give the axe source and a potent babys room ball up.Before congenital botch up corporation be habituated as a fuel, it must undergo extensive mathematical processing to remove about all materials other than methane. The by products of that processing include ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes and higher molecular weight hydro nose candys, elemental sulphur and sometimes helium and nitrogen.Overview of natural ball up inherent gas is a dodo fuel source of energy, which represents more than one fifth of total energy consumption in the world. It has been the hurrying growing energy souce fuel since the seventies.Due to economical and ecological advantages that it presents as well as its safety quqlities, natural gas is an increasingly spellbinding source oof energy in more countries. At present, natural gas is the second energy source after oil. According to energy entropy administration, natural gas accounted for 31% of world energy production in 2006. It has excellent perspectives for future demand. Natural gas is considered the energy source of this deoxycytidine monophosphate , as petroleum was last century and coal two centuries ago.Natural gas presents a competitive advantage over other energy sources. It is seen as economically more efficient because only about 10% of the natural gas produced is wasted before it gets to final consumption. In amplification , technological advances be constantly improving efficiencies in extraction ,transportation and w atomic number 18hovictimization techniques as well as in equipment that uses natural gas.Natural gas is considered as an environmentally friendly clean fuel , offering important environmental benefits when compared to other fossil fuels. The superior environmental qualities over coal or oil are that emissions of sulphur dioxide are negligible or that the level of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions is lower. This helps to reduce problems of acid rain, ozone degree depletion orgreenhouse gases.Although resources of natural are finite and natural gas is a non-renewable source of energy, these resorces are plentiful all over the world. Natural gas reserves are continuously i ncreasing as new exploration and extraction techniques vacate for wider and deeper drilling.The growing importance of natural gas as a major energy source is shown by the amount of investment devoted to the natural gas industry. The sector shows a great dynamism at the number 1 of the new milleniuum. Increasing demand and prices in tje modern in the recent past have led to new expansion and exploration projects in the natural gas industry. New pipeline construction projects are unquestionable and planned all over the world. Furthermore, most governments are progressively including natural gas in their energy policy agenda, by following easiness policies(particularly after the energy shortages of 1970s), in order to open the markets to competition. More and more, energy final users are also showing a preference for use natural gas a clean, safe, reliable and economical source of energy. Natural gas is used for come aliveing, cooling and several other industry uses, spell it is increasingly becoming the favoured fuel for power multiplication.Natural gas is future of energy and fuel requirements as it is one of the most clean fuel the evidences for this is illustrated by following this dataChemistry of natural gasNatural gas, like all fossil fuels, is the remain of prehistoric living content that existed million of years ago. In the marine environment, dead organisms came to rest on the ocean floor, where they were covered by layer after layer of dirty or silt which over time became layers of rock. Buried beneath the ocean bed, the hydroicarbons stored inside the once living matter were preserved , but their part was altered by the instigate and pressure from the rocks above. Millions of years later, deposits of these hydrocarbons can be found either in liquid gain as petroleum, or as natural gas.Natural gas forms in holey layers of rock, with bubbles of gas detain inside the rock. Gas fields occur when a layer of impervious rock, such as limesto ne, has formed above the layer of porous rock, preventing the gas from escaping. Deposits of natural gas are often found on base petroleum deposits. Natural gas is colourless and odourless. It consists mostlyof methane, but mixed in with the methane are likely to be other hydrocarbon compounds and a few impurities.Natural gas is colourless odourless, tasteless, shapeless and lighter than line of descent. It is gaseous at any temperature over -161 c. When it is at its natural state, it is non possible to see or smell natural gas. For safety reasons, a chemical odorant that smells a brusk like rotten eggs, mercaptan, is added to natural gas so that it can be smelled if there is a gas leak.Natural gas is a variety of light hydrocarbons including methane, ethane , propane, butanes and pentanes. Other compound found in natural gas includes co2, helium hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen. The composition of natural gas is never constant, however, the primary component of natural gas is m ethane(typically, atleast 90%), which has a simple hydrocarbon structure composed of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms(ch4) . methane is highly inflammable , burns easily and almost completely, opus it emits genuinely little vent pollution. Natural gas is neither acerb nor toxic, its ignition temperature is high, and its has a narrow flammability range, making it an inherently safe fossil fuel compared to other fuel sources. In addition , because of its specific soberness of 0.60, lower than that of air(1.00), natural gas rises if escaping, thus dissipating from the site of any leak.The carbon and hydrogen occurs from the remains of plants and animals (composition in natural gas)Which were inside the lakes and seas millions of years back. The constitutional material consequently mixed up with huge layers of sediments and then turn back to natural gas and crude oil as heat from the earths inside and pressure from the layers changed it.Natural gas is found all over the globe in resorviors deep inside the earth and in oceans. It is trapped in porous rock formations. Natural gas can be found in oil deposits, as associated natural gas.Natural gas when cooled ton a temperature of approx -260 f, it converts to a liquid naming liquefied natural gas(LNG). LNG has weight one half as that of water, or you can vocalise 45% less weight then water to be exact. It is non corrosive, non toxic, odourless and colourless. For convenience in transportation and storing natural gas is liquefied to form LNG.Natural gas is practically bare from sulphur and therefore does not produces so2 so considered as clean and environment friendly source of energy it also emits lower nourishs os nitrogen oxides when compared with coal or oil.Power contemporariesNatural gas is now used widely in the generation of electricity by apply gas turbines and locomote turbines. By combining gas turbines with steam turbines we can increase readiness of electric generation and this mod e is called combined cycle mode. Natural gas produces less greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide for an equivalent amount of heat when compared to petroleum(30% less)and coal(45 % less) therefore combined cycle generation of electricity using natural gas is the cleanest source of power available using fossil fuels. Natural gas is used in power generation wherever we can obtain it at a reasonable price further fuel cells(discussed in detail below) can be used for power generation using natural gas but it is not economically a good deal. force out cells using natural gasFuel cells using natural gas for power generation are under civilisement. Fuel cells are devices that uses hydrogen to produce electricity their working is approximately corresponding as of batteries. It is one of the cleanest way of generating electricity as their is no emissions what so ever and as we know that natural gases are a liberal source of hydrogen so it can be used in fuel cells. Fuel cells are still unde r development process as the process of using natural gas in fuel cells is very expensive but if they are used widespread all over the world then we can assure a very clean environment and can reduce emissions associated with the generation of electricity.Electricity generation and industrial application uses fossil fuels for generating electricity and heat . we can use natural gas for such type of operations as it can help to reduce the emissions associated with the generation of electricity.In transportationNatural gas can be used as a fuel for vehicles, trains and air transport also it can be a very clean fuel as in the case of CNG (compressed natural gas) used in four and three wheeler vehicles . by 2008 9.6 million vehicles uses natural gas as their source of fuel make out.Its efficiency is slightly less then diesel engine but comparable to gasoline engines but if we solve it compulsory for all public transport vehicles to use natural gas as their energy source supply we can led to a very clean world as the major source of air pollution is from the transport sector.In aerospaceDevelopment processes are running to develop aircrafts that uses natural gas the source of their fuel supply Russian order Tupololev is trying to develop an aircraft that uses LNG and HYDROGEN as the source of its power supply it will also cost lower then normal aircraft and also with reduction in nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide emission reduction.The advantage of using natural gas as a fuel for aircrafts is that its specific energyis more than normal aircraft fuel(kerosene mixes) and one advantage is that it can can be used as a cooler for cooling air replacing a intercooler in engine.Natural gas can also be use for manufacture of plastics, paints, glass steel, fabrics and other useful products.Advantages and Disadvantages of natural gasThe main advantage of using natural gas over other fossil fuel as a source of energy is that it is a clean fuel and contributes very less eff ect on air and environment around us as there is no emissions, no residue, no smoke and no smell. Its growth of use as domestic fuel, for power generation , in industries is increasing rapidly day by day. From a survey it has been found that use of natural gas as a source for power generation nearly accounts for around 20% of our total energy source(world energy outlook 2000).But as every create verbally has two phases using natural gas is also not free from this comment, it is considered that natural gas is clean source of energy but this is not a true fact, it does affect the environment to some extent. Natural gas also produces carbon dioxide while burning like all other fossil fuels although it is very less as compared to coal and petroleum and also natural gas that is used as a energy source is always not free from impurities and this lead to emissions of unwanted particulates. Therefore it whitethorn be noted that it is not a complete clean fuel as it is not carbon neutral an d also produces small emissions so from an environmental point of view it is not an complete ideal source of energy.Another disadvantage is that which is common to all fossil fuels is that their extraction leads to a process called mining and drilling which may lead to an ecological inbalance and also causes pollution which can be visualised.FutureNatural gas has many advantages over other energy sources but we cant depend on natural gas as a future source of energy the facts that ensures this facts areafter a period of regular extraction one day all supplies will be exhausted or will be depleted to that extent that cost of extracting will overweigh the value of the value of the fuel we obtain this is a common fact to all fossil fuels.natural gas is considered to be a clean fuel but above we have discussed that it is not an complete ideal source of energy, so research work is going on to discover that future source of energy. Solar and hydel energy can also be the future source of e nergy.Natural gas will have a very able future as compared to other fossil fuels as globally all government are encouraging use of natural gas in power stations in preference to other fossil fuel.